Will Space Shuttle Launch Clouds be an Important Source of Ice Nuclei?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54782/jwm.v14i1.71Abstract
Laboratory and field measurements demonstrate that combustion aerosol from solid rocket motor propellants contain ice nuclei. The measurements indicate an activity at -20°C of about 10^10 nuclei per gram of propellant. When this activity is applied to the 10^9 grams of propellant burned each space shuttle launch and the planned frequent launches are considered, shuttle launch clouds should be an important source of ice nuclei.Downloads
Published
2012-10-18
How to Cite
Hindman, E. E., & Finnegan, W. G. (2012). Will Space Shuttle Launch Clouds be an Important Source of Ice Nuclei?. The Journal of Weather Modification, 14(1), 75–77. https://doi.org/10.54782/jwm.v14i1.71
Issue
Section
Scientific Papers
License
Authors that submit papers for publication agree to the Journal’s copyright and publication terms. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the manuscript’s authorship and initial publication in Journal of Weather Modification. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in the Journal of Weather Modification. Authors are permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process to encourage productive exchanges and greater citation of the published article.
Articles are published online using restricted access for the first year. After the first year, articles are made freely available online. Immediate open access for an article may be obtained by the author paying an open access fee which is in addition to the normal page changes. Authors are expected to honor a page charge in order to support publication and distribution of the journal. After the author approves the gallery formatted version for publication, the Weather Modification Association’s Secretary will invoice the corresponding author for the page charges and payment is due within 30 days.